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surface state

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  • Surface mining — is a type of mining in which soil and rock overlying the mineral deposit are removed. It is the opposite of underground mining, in which the overlying rock is left in place, and the mineral removed through shafts or tunnels. Surface mining is… …   Wikipedia

  • Surface weather observation — Surface weather observations are the fundamental data used for safety as well as climatological reasons to forecast weather and issue warnings worldwide. [Office of the Federal Coordinator of Meteorology. [http://www.ofcm.gov/fmh 1/pdf/B CH2.pdf… …   Wikipedia

  • Surface states — are electronic states found at the surface of materials and are part of condensed matter physics. They are formed due to the sharp transition from solid material that ends with a surface and are found only at the atom layers closest to the… …   Wikipedia

  • Surface plasmon — Surface plasmons, also referred to in the literature as surface plasma polaritons, are fluctuations in the electron density at the boundary of two materials. Plasmons are the collective vibrations of an electron gas (or plasma) surrounding the… …   Wikipedia

  • Surface layering — is a quasi crystalline structure at the surfaces of otherwise disordered liquids, where atoms or molecules of even the simplest liquid are stratified into well defined layers parallel to the surface. While in crystalline solids such atomic layers …   Wikipedia

  • Surface photovoltage — (SPV) measurements are a widely used method to determine the minority carrier diffusion length of semiconductors. Since the transport of minority carriers determines the behavior of the p n junctions that are ubiquitous in semiconductor devices,… …   Wikipedia

  • Surface Water Simulation Modelling Programme — (SWSMP) launched in 1986 by the Ministry of Water Resources of Bangladesh Government under the Master Planning Organization to develop a high level of analytical capabilities by use of state of the art mathematical water modelling which was the… …   Wikipedia

  • Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 — The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA) is the primary federal law that regulates the environmental effects of coal mining in the United States.SMCRA created two programs: one for regulating active coal mines and a second… …   Wikipedia

  • Surface runoff — Runoff flowing into a stormwater drain Surface runoff is the water flow that occurs when soil is infiltrated to full capacity and excess water from rain, meltwater, or other sources flows over the land. This is a major component of the water… …   Wikipedia

  • Surface tension — For the work of fiction, see Surface Tension (short story). Surface tension is a property of the surface of a liquid that causes it to behave as an elastic sheet. It allows insects, such as the water strider (pond skater, UK), to walk on water.… …   Wikipedia

  • Surface phonon — Phonons are collective lattice vibration modes, and surface phonons are those particular modes associated with surfaces; they are an artifact of periodicity, symmetry, and the termination of bulk crystal structure associated with the surface… …   Wikipedia

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